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The use of Bollinger Bands varies widely among traders. Some traders buy when price touches the lower Bollinger Band and exit when price touches the moving average in the center of the bands. Other traders buy when price breaks above the upper Bollinger Band or sell when price falls below the lower Bollinger Band.[4] Moreover, the use of Bollinger Bands is not confined to stock traders; options traders, most notably implied volatility traders, often sell options when Bollinger Bands are historically far apart or buy options when the Bollinger Bands are historically close together, in both instances, expecting volatility to revert towards the average historical volatility level for the stock.
 
When the bands lie close together, a period of low volatility is indicated.[5] Conversely, as the bands expand, an increase in price action/market volatility is indicated.[5] When the bands have only a slight slope and track approximately parallel for an extended time, the price will generally be found to oscillate between the bands as though in a channel.
 
Traders are often inclined to use Bollinger Bands with other indicators to confirm price action. In particular, the use of oscillator-like Bollinger Bands will often be coupled with a non-oscillator indicator-like chart patterns or a trendline. If these indicators confirm the recommendation of the Bollinger Bands, the trader will have greater conviction that the bands are predicting correct price action in relation to market volatility

Effectiveness[edit]
 
Various studies of the effectiveness of the Bollinger Band strategy have been performed with mixed results. In 2007 Lento et al. published an analysis using a variety of formats (different moving average timescales, and standard deviation ranges) and markets (e.g., Dow Jones and Forex).[6] Analysis of the trades, spanning a decade from 1995 onwards, found no evidence of consistence performance over the standard "buy and hold" approach. The authors did, however, find that a simple reversal of the strategy ("contrarian Bollinger Band") produced positive returns in a variety of markets.
 
Similar results were found in another study, which concluded that Bollinger Band trading strategies may be effective in the Chinese marketplace, stating: "Finally, we find significant positive returns on buy trades generated by the contrarian version of the moving-average crossover rule, the channel breakout rule, and the Bollinger Band trading rule, after accounting for transaction costs of 0.50 percent."[7] (By "the contrarian version", they mean buying when the conventional rule mandates selling, and vice versa.)
 
A paper from 2008 uses Bollinger Bands in forecasting the yield curve.[8]
 
Companies like Forbes suggest that the use of Bollinger Bands is a simple and often an effective strategy but stop-loss orders should be used to mitigate losses from market pressure.

Gold 1360 vs 1384  , $/R 10.77 vs 10.68      , Copper 6.56 vs 6.48  , Nickel 16.19  vs 15.81         , Oil 97.94 vs 99.06

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Asian shares rose on Tuesday and the yen remained well off recent highs as the threat of immediate military conflict in Ukraine receded, though investors remained cautious ahead of this week's U.S. Federal Reserve policy meeting

Gold 1384 vs 1369  , $/R 10.68 vs 10.82      , Copper 6.48 vs 6.43  , Nickel 15.81  vs 15.64        , Oil 99.06 vs 98.20

Asian shares hovered around one-month lows on Monday as Western countries issued fresh warnings of more sanctions on Moscow after Crimea voted overwhelmingly to break from Ukraine to join Russia, as expected. Japan's Nikkei led losses with a fall of 0.7 percent, sliding to a one-month low while U.S. stock futures dropped

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Johannesburg - Howard Buffett held up a dramatic photograph of a bloodied rhino, its horn brutally chopped off. But the billionaire philanthropist wasn’t here to talk about conservation but how poaching was fuelling conflict across Africa.

“You think about the pain of that animal,” said the elder son of Warren Buffett, the billionaire investor, as he handed a cheque of R255 million to SANParks to fight poaching, at a meeting in Rosebank.

“But what I would show you are pictures of women who have been raped, the refugee camp of 60 000 people, the victims of the Lords Resistance Army (LRA) who have been returned to their family after 15 years. When you see what conflict does to people, you cannot look way. And this conflict is fuelled by rhino horns and elephant ivory. It’s a global scandal, a wildlife crisis, but it takes a huge human toll. That’s the part we cannot forget.”

The donation by the Howard G Buffett Foundation – the biggest of its kind to tackle rhino poaching – is a three-year initiative in Kruger National Park to test anti-poaching tactics that could be applied in other regions of Africa, where poaching can be a source of funding for armed groups such as the LRA and al-Shabaab.

The effort in Kruger will create an Intensive Protection Zone using sophisticated detection and tracking equipment and infrastructure on the ground and in the air; elite canine units and highly-trained ranger teams, and improved intelligence gathering and observation and surveillance systems.

Kruger’s zone will serve as a testing ground to inform targeted efforts to combat poaching in other African regions.

Buffett, who had sold his three rhinos in Limpopo “because we couldn’t protect them”, said he was a conservationist at heart, and this was an experiment in peace.

“For us, the only way you can have peace in some parts of the world is to stop the capital flow of people who cause that conflict, and poaching, particularly of elephants; but rhino horn too is a big part of that.”

Edna Molewa, the minister of environmental affairs, said the record loss of 1 004 rhino and 172 so far this year was devastating.

“But we believe this could have doubled or even trebled without the contributions made by government, and the donations of millions of rand by private individuals, foundations, businesses and conservation bodies to fight rhino poaching.”

SANParks chief executive David Mabunda termed the donation a “game changer” that would deliver technology such as drones with thermal cameras. “We need to know when the poachers pitch up on our border so that we’re ready for them and have a kind of welcome for them.” - The Saturday Star